![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() He obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree from Trinity College at Cambridge in 1907, while simultaneously studying law at Lincoln's Inn, from where he qualified as a barrister in 1908. In 1905 Iqbal published the patriotic song, Tarana-e-Hind (Song of India).Īt Sir Thomas's encouragement, Iqbal traveled to and spend many years studying in Europe. Iqbal was appointed to a readership in Arabic at the Oriental College in Lahore, and he published his first book in Urdu, The Knowledge of Economics in 1903. Arnold exposed the young man to Western culture and ideas, and served as a bridge for Iqbal between the ideas of East and West. While studying for his masters’ degree, Iqbal came under the wing of Sir Thomas Arnold, a scholar of Islam and modern philosophy at the college. He won a gold medal for topping his examination in philosophy. Iqbal entered the Government College in Lahore where he studied philosophy, English literature and Arabic and obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree, graduating cum laude. Iqbal encouraged and worked closely with Muhammad Ali Jinnah, and he is known as Muffakir-e-Pakistan ("The Thinker of Pakistan"), Shair-e-Mashriq ("The Poet of the East"), and Hakeem-ul-Ummat ("The Sage of One of the most prominent leaders of the All India Muslim League, Iqbal encouraged the creation of a "state in northwestern India for Indian Muslims" in his 1930 presidential address. Iqbal was a strong proponent of the political and spiritual revival of Islamic civilisation across the world, but specifically in India a series of famous lectures he delivered to this effect were published as The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. He is commonly referred to as Allama Iqbal, Allama meaning "Scholar". Allama Sir Muhammad Iqbal was a poet, philosopher and politician born in Sialkot, British India (now in Pakistan), whose poetry in Urdu, Arabic and Persian is considered to be among the greatest of the modern era and whose vision of an independent state for the Muslims of British India was to inspire the creation of Pakistan. ![]()
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